Home | health | Lupus – Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Diagnosis

Lupus – Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis

Lupus – Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune condition. Here, the body’s immune system, which is supposed to fight infections, begins attacking healthy tissues and organs. This causes pain and inflammation. One may also experience symptoms like skin sensitivity, joint pains, rashes, and issues with internal organs like the kidneys, heart, and lungs. The condition does not have a cure, however, treatment options can help one manage its symptoms.

Symptoms
Here are a few symptoms one should recognize:

Fatigue
Most people with lupus experience fatigue, which can worsen with muscle and joint pain. Many may experience stiffness and swelling in the neck, thigh, and arms. While getting adequate sleep can relieve general exhaustion, when fatigue is accompanied by some sort of pain and discomfort, one should consult a doctor.

Skin rashes
The most common and prominent symptom of this disease is a butterfly-shaped rash on both cheeks and the nose bridge. Around 30% of people affected by lupus experience this symptom. The rash may appear suddenly before a flare-up or right after excessive sun exposure. For some, the condition also causes hives and non-itchy lesions all over the body. Some may notice discoloration in their toes or fingers.

Hair loss
Hair loss and thinning hair are early signs of lupus. Here, the skin on the scalp gets inflamed making hair fall out. The hair may start thinning gradually or could even fall in clumps. Strands also become brittle and ragged when dealing with this condition.

Low-grade fever
A low-grade fever for no discernible reason is another early symptom of lupus. The body temperature may linger between 98.5 and 101 degrees Fahrenheit, and this might be a persistent symptom.

Swelling and pain in joints
People with lupus might experience stiffness, pain, and swelling in the joints, especially in the morning. It may begin as a mild pain that later intensifies. The pain can be managed using remedies or prescription options.

Digestive issues
Lupus can cause gastrointestinal inflammation and problems like acid reflux or heartburn. These symptoms can be managed by antacids, avoiding caffeine, not lying down immediately after a meal, and eating in smaller quantities.

Dryness in the eyes and mouth
Lupus can make the eyes and mouth dry. When affected by the disease, the tear and saliva glands malfunction, and lymphocytes accumulate in the glands.

Kidney problems
Nephritis is a type of kidney inflammation common in people with lupus. The inflammation makes it hard for the kidneys to filter toxins from the blood. Symptoms of nephritis include swollen legs and feet, high blood pressure, dark-colored urine, blood in urine, pain in the sides, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Thyroid issues
In people with lupus, the immune cells can attack the thyroid gland and prevent it from functioning properly. As this gland controls metabolism, any kind of malfunctioning can affect vital organs like the liver, heart, kidneys, and brain.

Lung inflammation
Inflammation of the lungs is another symptom of lupus that one should not ignore. The inflammation can make the blood vessels in the lungs can swell up. This can cause chest pain when one tries to breathe. Over time, the condition can weaken the diaphragm and reduce lung size.

One should consult a doctor immediately if they observe one or more of these early signs of lupus.

Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of lupus is not yet known, and research to understand the triggers is underway. However, here are a few possible risk factors for the condition:

Family history of the condition: A family history of lupus could increase the risk of developing the condition. If one has a family member with the condition, they should consider getting examined for lupus on noticing early signs.

Hormonal imbalance: Women are more likely to develop lupus than men, as 9 out of 10 people with the condition are women. This may be partly because of the hormone called estrogen. The condition is usually observed in women of reproductive age, i.e., between 15 to 45 years old, when the estrogen levels in the body are high.

Environment and lifestyle-related factors: Various environmental factors could also increase the risk of developing lupus. Stress, viruses one has been exposed to, the treatment options they use, and even the amount of sunlight one gets could influence the risk of being affected by lupus.

Diagnosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus is diagnosed through a combination of methods. Detecting the disease is challenging as its symptoms often mimic those of other illnesses, so a single test cannot help doctors diagnose the condition. The illness is confirmed by conducting several tests and an examination of the patient’s medical and family history. Some of the diagnostic tests for lupus include a complete blood count, urine analysis, antinuclear antibody test, liver and kidney assessment, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is important to see a rheumatologist to get a precise systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis.

Management
The autoimmune condition does not have a cure. However, its symptoms can be managed with timely and appropriate treatments and changes in meals and lifestyle. Based on the results of lab tests, X-rays, and physical examinations, the doctor will recommend a treatment plan. Some of the options usually recommended are anti-inflammatory prescriptions and those that limit immune system activity.

Several symptoms of lupus can be managed with the right treatment methods and by making lifestyle changes to prevent frequent flare-ups and reduce the severity of the condition. Some of the lifestyle changes that help in disease management are avoiding excessive sun exposure, incorporating low-impact exercises into the daily routine, getting adequate sleep, eating nutritious foods, and managing stress. Such simple changes, combined with treatment, can help one manage the disease and carry out daily activities.

Read Also

Know more about exciting & latest articles right here

12 surprising facts about COPD to know

12 surprising facts about COPD to know

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, also known as COPD, is a well-recognized respiratory ailment that affects millions of lives worldwide. COPD, characterized by symptoms like chronic cough, shortness of breath, and reduced lung function, is a complex condition with multiple layers. While its core features are understood by many, an array of surprising and often overlooked facets surrounds this condition. This article delves into these lesser-known aspects of COPD to comprehensively understand the disease. Underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases One of the most surprising facts about COPD is the prevalence of underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 90% of COPD cases are estimated to remain undiagnosed. This is partly because early symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath, are often attributed to the natural aging process or other respiratory conditions. Additionally, many individuals with COPD do not seek attention until the disease has progressed significantly. Impact on mental health COPD not only affects physical health but also takes a toll on mental well-being. Surprisingly, individuals with COPD are more likely to experience anxiety and depression. The disease’s chronic nature and its impact on daily activities and social interactions may lead to isolation and sadness.
Read More
7 lesser-known signs of multiple myeloma

7 lesser-known signs of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that primarily affects the plasma cells found in the bone marrow. Plasma cells typically produce antibodies to help the body fight infections. However, in multiple myeloma, certain plasma cells become cancerous and start to multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. These cancerous plasma cells can produce abnormal proteins, which can accumulate in the blood and urine, leading to various health problems. Here are the lesser-known signs of multiple myeloma: Recurrent infections Multiple myeloma weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. However, this sign is often overlooked or attributed to other causes. Recurring or persistent infections, such as respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, or skin infections, can be an early indication of an underlying immune system dysfunction caused by multiple myeloma. The connection between multiple myeloma and infections lies in the disease’s impact on plasma cells’ production of antibodies. As the cancerous plasma cells multiply in the bone marrow, they crowd out healthy cells responsible for producing antibodies, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections effectively. Recognizing the link between recurring infections and multiple myeloma can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, which may improve the patient’s overall prognosis.
Read More
9 tips for changing the oil and filter on Dodge vehicles

9 tips for changing the oil and filter on Dodge vehicles

Dodge is a famous automobile manufacturer with an excellent lineup of trucks and SUVs. While its vehicles are known for performance and durability, they must be maintained well. A fundamental aspect of car upkeep is changing the oil and filters regularly. Whether one owns a robust Dodge truck or a versatile SUV, understanding the nuances of oil and filter changes can help the automobile run smoothly and extend its lifespan. The function of oil and filters in a vehicle Engine oil is a lubricating fluid that circulates throughout the engine to reduce friction between moving parts, dissipate heat, and protect against wear and tear. The oil filter is responsible for removing impurities and contaminants from the engine oil. The filter is replaced during routine oil changes to maintain its filtration capabilities. Tips for changing oil and filters in vehicles Oil and filters play crucial roles in the vehicle’s engine, ensuring it operates efficiently and remains in good condition. If one follows these tips, it will not only ensure engine longevity but also contribute to better fuel efficiency and reduced emissions: Use the right tools and materials Before starting, it’s important to gather all the right tools. One will need an oil filter wrench to remove the old filter, a container to catch the old oil (like an oil drain pan), a set of sockets or wrenches, a funnel to pour in new oil, a new oil filter, and the right type and sufficient amount of oil.
Read More
25 signs and symptoms of pneumonia to know of

25 signs and symptoms of pneumonia to know of

Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection that can affect people of all ages, causing various symptoms that vary in severity. At the same time, many are familiar with the hallmark signs such as fever and cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and numerous other indicators that can point to pneumonia. This comprehensive article thoroughly explores pneumonia’s signs and symptoms, helping individuals recognize the condition early and seek appropriate medical care. Fever Fever is one of the most prevalent symptoms of pneumonia. It typically presents with a high body temperature, often exceeding 100.4°F (38°C). Fever is the body’s natural response to infection and signifies that the immune system is actively fighting the pneumonia-causing pathogens. Cough A persistent cough is another hallmark symptom. It can produce different types of mucus, including yellow, green, or bloody. The cough may be accompanied by chest pain or discomfort ranging from mild to severe. Shortness of breath Many individuals with pneumonia experience shortness of breath, particularly when engaging in physical activities. This symptom occurs due to the inflammation and infection within the lungs, making it challenging for the respiratory system to function optimally. Chest pain Chest pain is often described as a sharp or stabbing sensation typically felt on the side of the affected lung.
Read More